Women in Ancient Egypt

Women occupied an important position, even superior that man. According to a literary evidence, a king and a town was destroyed because a woman was wronged by the state.

They instill high ideals on humankind, that is the reason why India created goddesses to instill respect to woman and enjoyed equal status with her husband.

Ancient India was permissive then, a woman is allowed to have multiple husbands and can leave their husband, widows could remarry, and divorce was permittd due to incompatibility or estranged.

In religious ceremony, the women are allowed to participate in rituals and tribal assemblies.


Ref:

http://www.term-papers.us/ts/ia/smu288.shtml

http://www.thisismyindia.com/ancient_india/woman-in-ancient-india.html

Mughals in India

- Babur was the first ruler of the Mughal dynasty, he claimed that his right of inheriting the subcontinent is due to the conquest of Delhi by his ancestor Timur.

- His empire defeated the army of Lodis at Panipat.

- It covers from beyond Afghanistan to the Bengal region along Gangetic plain.

- However, his son, Humayum lost the kingdom to Bihar-based Sher Khan Sur and fled to Persia.

- But in the 1555, Humayum recaptured Delhi before his death.

- Akbar, Humayum’s son who inherited his position, was able to extend the Mughal Empire and built the administrative machinery that forms the basis for many present-day practices in India

- The next successor was Jahangir, Akbar’s son, showed a luxurious living as well as his son, who became the next ruler, Shah Jahan.

- Shah Jahan is known for his building program example is the Taj Mahal and he is also instrumental in extending the Mughal Empire to the Deccan Plateau.

- After the death of the last ruler, Aurangzeb (Shah Jahan’s son), the empire disintegrated quickly.

ref: Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, Microsoft Encarta 2007

Early Islamic influence in India

- during AD 711, Islam first entered India due to a young Arabian general, Muhammad ibn Qasim

- in the 9^th and 19^th centuries, Arab traders began to convert many Hindus in port cities along the southwest coast.

- The central Asians onverts were the chief Muslim conquerors of India who began to enter India around 1000.

- Mahmud of Ghazni led a series of raid into the Punjab region to ensure for the Muslims gateway to the Indian subcontinents.

- The Muslims managed to convert many low-caste hindus and Buddhists, many coverts hoped that they would become part of a equal society and gain protection.

ref: Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, Microsoft Encarta 2007

Origins of Civilization in India

A. Indus Valley Civilization

- flourished around 2500 B.C. to around 1700 B.C. on the Valley of Indus River and its tributaries.

- Extends as far to the northeast Delhi and south to Gujarat

- Oldest known civilization, its site is at Harappa and Mohenjo-daro

- It is known for its complex culture and special artifacts.

- This civilization was considered one of the most advanced of ancient times since the cities were carefully planned with water-supply system, sewage facilities, and centralized granaries.

- During the 1800 B.C., this civilization undergone a swift decline, its cause was unknown but some theories points out on extreme climatic changes and atural disaster.

B. Aryan Settlement and the Vedic Age

- during 1500 B.C. the Aryans settled in the upper reaches of Indus, Yamuna, and Gangetic plains.

-Aryans are nomadic people from central Asia andspoke an archaic form of Sanskrit.

- by 800 B.C. the Aryans ruled in most of northern India.

- Aryans originated the earliest form of sacred Vedas, whish is described a highly ritualistic worship with innumerable deities, a rich mythology and an elaborate fire sacrifice.

- the Vedas also provides information about the Aryans

- As the Aryans settled into agriculture, they changed their nomadic living and developed a new social and political structure.

- the caste system was developed: Brahmins or priests, Kshatriya or political ruler or warriors, Vaishya or traders and cultivators, and Shudra or artisans.

- this system remain central to the Indian socioreligious system, Hinduism.

ref: Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, Microsoft encarta 2007

Republic of India: Geography

- Area: 3,287,590 km²

- It can be into three main topographic regions; the Himalayan mountain system,
on the north; the Northern Plain, drained by the Indus, Ganges, And Brahmaputra rivers in north central India; and Peninsular India, in the south.

ref: Grolier Encyvlopedia of Knowledge

Southeast Asia group comment about "Hero"

"A hero does not only use a sword to fight an enemy and save mankind, but also use his heart to pursue the virtue of peace eternally fine."

The story caters the phenomenon of revenge. A warrior who became a warrior itself because of his outlook to fight for the death that was never justified. It happens commonly to everyone.

When our loved one died without justice, we take an opportunity to justifications of his or her death. We fight, we revenge. Through this, we do not feel satisfaction, instead, feel more anxious on what will happen next. Our hearts will never rest unless we let go of hatred that lives in our hearts.

"Wisdom is more powerful than weapon, it changes lives forever!"

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Cinema of IndiaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchSouth Asian cinema Cinema of Afghanistan Cinema of Bangladesh Bengali cinema Cinema of India Assamese cinema Bengali cinema Bollywood Karnataka cinema Kollywood Marathi cinema Malayalam cinema Tollywood Cinema of Nepal Cinema of Pakistan Cinema of Sri Lanka The Indian film industry is the largest in the world in terms of the ticket sales and the number of films produced annually (877 feature films and 1177 short films were released in the year 2003 alone).[1] In contrast, 473 films were produced in the US in 2003.[2] Movie tickets in India are among the cheapest in the world.[3] India accounts for 73% of movie admissions in the Asia-Pacific region, and earnings are currently estimated at US$2.9 billion.[citation needed] The industry is mainly supported by the vast cinema-going Indian public. The Central Board of Film Certification of India cites on its website that every three months an audience as large as India's billion-strong population visits cinema halls.[4] Indian films are popular in various parts of the world, especially in countries with significant Indian communities.An Indian film personality Sandeep Marwah has produced 1000 short films which is the highest in the world by an individual.